The field of Quality of Service (QoS) research addresses fundamental questions such as how to provide resource allocation for network traffic in a way that ensures appropriate service for applications with different requirements, while maintaining scalability and efficiency — not only on dedicated, expensive network equipment but also on standard commodity hardware. Consequently, one of the main focuses of this research is to rethink the balance between “edge” and “core” network functions, aiming to minimize data and state management (such as per-flow or per-user state) in the network core, while still guaranteeing efficient resource sharing and consistent service quality.