The production of topographic maps is mainly the responsibility of national mapping agencies. Although such maps are basically used for the purposes of orientation in the field, they now form the basis of public cartographic and GIS databases. An important element of my research is the Cold War-era map series, which includes other map types based on topographic maps (tourist map, city map, orienteering map).

The relief representation of maps, from paper maps to digital maps. The different methods of relief representation depend on the scale of the maps, the type of maps. The digital age also offers specific relief representation options.

Promote research and development on the field of cartographic heritage, more specifically on: - objects: old maps, charts, globes, relief models, bird’s eye views, etc. - digitisation: 2d, 3d; hardware, software, issues, solutions - archiving: how to store; metadata - extracting content: possibility of automatic content extraction (vectorisation) - providing cartographic heritage on-line - analysing old maps in the terms of geometry (accuracy analysis, projection recognition), map symbols (how symbols depend on age, place, author etc.) and content (spatial/spatio-temporal analysis of map content).

The relationship and coexistence of cartography and geoinformatics/spatial information science at international level. The role of international professional scientific organisations.